＞＞数据库开发：MySQL 关键字以及保留字

MySQL 关键字以及保留字

关键字是在SQL中具有重要意义的单词。某些关键字，如SELECT， DELETE或 BIGINT，被保留，需要用作标识符，例如表和列名特殊待遇。内置函数的名称也可能如此。允许使用非保留关键字作为标识符而无需引用。

A ACCESSIBLE ®ACCOUNTACTIONACTIVE; added in 8.0.14 (nonreserved)ADD ®ADMIN; became nonreserved in 8.0.12AFTERAGAINSTAGGREGATEALGORITHMALL ®ALTER ®ALWAYSANALYSE; removed in 8.0.1ANALYZE ®AND ®ANYARRAY; added in 8.0.17 (reserved); became nonreserved in 8.0.19AS ®ASC ®ASCIIASENSITIVE ®ATATTRIBUTE; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)AUTOEXTEND_SIZEAUTO_INCREMENTAVGAVG_ROW_LENGTH B BACKUPBEFORE ®BEGINBETWEEN ®BIGINT ®BINARY ®BINLOGBITBLOB ®BLOCKBOOLBOOLEANBOTH ®BTREEBUCKETS; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)BY ®BYTE C CACHECALL ®CASCADE ®CASCADEDCASE ®CATALOG_NAMECHAINCHANGE ®CHANGEDCHANNELCHAR ®CHARACTER ®CHARSETCHECK ®CHECKSUMCIPHERCLASS_ORIGINCLIENTCLONE; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)CLOSECOALESCECODECOLLATE ®COLLATIONCOLUMN ®COLUMNSCOLUMN_FORMATCOLUMN_NAMECOMMENTCOMMITCOMMITTEDCOMPACTCOMPLETIONCOMPONENTCOMPRESSEDCOMPRESSIONCONCURRENTCONDITION ®CONNECTIONCONSISTENTCONSTRAINT ®CONSTRAINT_CATALOGCONSTRAINT_NAMECONSTRAINT_SCHEMACONTAINSCONTEXTCONTINUE ®CONVERT ®CPUCREATE ®CROSS ®CUBE ®; became reserved in 8.0.1CUME_DIST ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)CURRENTCURRENT_DATE ®CURRENT_TIME ®CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ®CURRENT_USER ®CURSOR ®CURSOR_NAME D DATADATABASE ®DATABASES ®DATAFILEDATEDATETIMEDAYDAY_HOUR ®DAY_MICROSECOND ®DAY_MINUTE ®DAY_SECOND ®DEALLOCATEDEC ®DECIMAL ®DECLARE ®DEFAULT ®DEFAULT_AUTHDEFINERDEFINITION; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)DELAYED ®DELAY_KEY_WRITEDELETE ®DENSE_RANK ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)DESC ®DESCRIBE ®DESCRIPTION; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)DES_KEY_FILE; removed in 8.0.3DETERMINISTIC ®DIAGNOSTICSDIRECTORYDISABLEDISCARDDISKDISTINCT ®DISTINCTROW ®DIV ®DODOUBLE ®DROP ®DUAL ®DUMPFILEDUPLICATEDYNAMIC E EACH ®ELSE ®ELSEIF ®EMPTY ®; added in 8.0.4 (reserved)ENABLEENCLOSED ®ENCRYPTIONENDENDSENFORCED; added in 8.0.16 (nonreserved)ENGINEENGINESENGINE_ATTRIBUTE; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)ENUMERRORERRORSESCAPEESCAPED ®EVENTEVENTSEVERYEXCEPT ®EXCHANGEEXCLUDE; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)EXECUTEEXISTS ®EXIT ®EXPANSIONEXPIREEXPLAIN ®EXPORTEXTENDEDEXTENT_SIZE F FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS; added in 8.0.19 (nonreserved)FALSE ®FASTFAULTSFETCH ®FIELDSFILEFILE_BLOCK_SIZEFILTERFIRSTFIRST_VALUE ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)FIXEDFLOAT ®FLOAT4 ®FLOAT8 ®FLUSHFOLLOWING; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)FOLLOWSFOR ®FORCE ®FOREIGN ®FORMATFOUNDFROM ®FULLFULLTEXT ®FUNCTION ®; became reserved in 8.0.1 G GENERALGENERATED ®GEOMCOLLECTION; added in 8.0.11 (nonreserved)GEOMETRYGEOMETRYCOLLECTIONGET ®GET_FORMATGET_MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY; added in 8.0.4 (reserved); became nonreserved in 8.0.11GLOBALGRANT ®GRANTSGROUP ®GROUPING ®; added in 8.0.1 (reserved)GROUPS ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)GROUP_REPLICATION H HANDLERHASHHAVING ®HELPHIGH_PRIORITY ®HISTOGRAM; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)HISTORY; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)HOSTHOSTSHOURHOUR_MICROSECOND ®HOUR_MINUTE ®HOUR_SECOND ® I IDENTIFIEDIF ®IGNORE ®IGNORE_SERVER_IDSIMPORTIN ®INACTIVE; added in 8.0.14 (nonreserved)INDEX ®INDEXESINFILE ®INITIAL_SIZEINNER ®INOUT ®INSENSITIVE ®INSERT ®INSERT_METHODINSTALLINSTANCEINT ®INT1 ®INT2 ®INT3 ®INT4 ®INT8 ®INTEGER ®INTERVAL ®INTO ®INVISIBLEINVOKERIOIO_AFTER_GTIDS ®IO_BEFORE_GTIDS ®IO_THREADIPCIS ®ISOLATIONISSUERITERATE ® J JOIN ®JSONJSON_TABLE ®; added in 8.0.4 (reserved)JSON_VALUE; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved) K KEY ®KEYS ®KEY_BLOCK_SIZEKILL ® L LAG ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)LANGUAGELASTLAST_VALUE ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)LATERAL ®; added in 8.0.14 (reserved)LEAD ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)LEADING ®LEAVE ®LEAVESLEFT ®LESSLEVELLIKE ®LIMIT ®LINEAR ®LINES ®LINESTRINGLISTLOAD ®LOCALLOCALTIME ®LOCALTIMESTAMP ®LOCK ®LOCKED; added in 8.0.1 (nonreserved)LOCKSLOGFILELOGSLONG ®LONGBLOB ®LONGTEXT ®LOOP ®LOW_PRIORITY ® M MASTERMASTER_AUTO_POSITIONMASTER_BIND ®MASTER_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS; added in 8.0.18 (nonreserved)MASTER_CONNECT_RETRYMASTER_DELAYMASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIODMASTER_HOSTMASTER_LOG_FILEMASTER_LOG_POSMASTER_PASSWORDMASTER_PORTMASTER_PUBLIC_KEY_PATH; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)MASTER_RETRY_COUNTMASTER_SERVER_IDMASTER_SSLMASTER_SSL_CAMASTER_SSL_CAPATHMASTER_SSL_CERTMASTER_SSL_CIPHERMASTER_SSL_CRLMASTER_SSL_CRLPATHMASTER_SSL_KEYMASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT ®MASTER_TLS_CIPHERSUITES; added in 8.0.19 (nonreserved)MASTER_TLS_VERSIONMASTER_USERMASTER_ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVEL; added in 8.0.18 (nonreserved)MATCH ®MAXVALUE ®MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOURMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOURMAX_ROWSMAX_SIZEMAX_UPDATES_PER_HOURMAX_USER_CONNECTIONSMEDIUMMEDIUMBLOB ®MEDIUMINT ®MEDIUMTEXT ®MEMBER; added in 8.0.17 (reserved); became nonreserved in 8.0.19MEMORYMERGEMESSAGE_TEXTMICROSECONDMIDDLEINT ®MIGRATEMINUTEMINUTE_MICROSECOND ®MINUTE_SECOND ®MIN_ROWSMOD ®MODEMODIFIES ®MODIFYMONTHMULTILINESTRINGMULTIPOINTMULTIPOLYGONMUTEXMYSQL_ERRNO N NAMENAMESNATIONALNATURAL ®NCHARNDBNDBCLUSTERNESTED; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)NETWORK_NAMESPACE; added in 8.0.16 (nonreserved)NEVERNEWNEXTNONODEGROUPNONENOT ®NOWAIT; added in 8.0.1 (nonreserved)NO_WAITNO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ®NTH_VALUE ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)NTILE ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)NULL ®NULLS; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)NUMBERNUMERIC ®NVARCHAR O OF ®; added in 8.0.1 (reserved)OFF; added in 8.0.20 (nonreserved)OFFSETOJ; added in 8.0.16 (nonreserved)OLD; added in 8.0.14 (nonreserved)ON ®ONEONLYOPENOPTIMIZE ®OPTIMIZER_COSTS ®OPTION ®OPTIONAL; added in 8.0.13 (nonreserved)OPTIONALLY ®OPTIONSOR ®ORDER ®ORDINALITY; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)ORGANIZATION; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)OTHERS; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)OUT ®OUTER ®OUTFILE ®OVER ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)OWNER P PACK_KEYSPAGEPARSERPARTIALPARTITION ®PARTITIONINGPARTITIONSPASSWORDPASSWORD_LOCK_TIME; added in 8.0.19 (nonreserved)PATH; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)PERCENT_RANK ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)PERSIST; became nonreserved in 8.0.16PERSIST_ONLY; added in 8.0.2 (reserved); became nonreserved in 8.0.16PHASEPLUGINPLUGINSPLUGIN_DIRPOINTPOLYGONPORTPRECEDESPRECEDING; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)PRECISION ®PREPAREPRESERVEPREVPRIMARY ®PRIVILEGESPRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER; added in 8.0.18 (nonreserved)PROCEDURE ®PROCESS; added in 8.0.11 (nonreserved)PROCESSLISTPROFILEPROFILESPROXYPURGE ® Q QUARTERQUERYQUICK R RANDOM; added in 8.0.18 (nonreserved)RANGE ®RANK ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)READ ®READS ®READ_ONLYREAD_WRITE ®REAL ®REBUILDRECOVERRECURSIVE ®; added in 8.0.1 (reserved)REDOFILE; removed in 8.0.3REDO_BUFFER_SIZEREDUNDANTREFERENCE; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)REFERENCES ®REGEXP ®RELAYRELAYLOGRELAY_LOG_FILERELAY_LOG_POSRELAY_THREADRELEASE ®RELOADREMOTE; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved); removed in 8.0.14REMOVERENAME ®REORGANIZEREPAIRREPEAT ®REPEATABLEREPLACE ®REPLICA; added in 8.0.22 (nonreserved)REPLICAS; added in 8.0.22 (nonreserved)REPLICATE_DO_DBREPLICATE_DO_TABLEREPLICATE_IGNORE_DBREPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLEREPLICATE_REWRITE_DBREPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLEREPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLEREPLICATIONREQUIRE ®REQUIRE_ROW_FORMAT; added in 8.0.19 (nonreserved)RESETRESIGNAL ®RESOURCE; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)RESPECT; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)RESTART; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)RESTORERESTRICT ®RESUMERETAIN; added in 8.0.14 (nonreserved)RETURN ®RETURNED_SQLSTATERETURNING; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)RETURNSREUSE; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)REVERSEREVOKE ®RIGHT ®RLIKE ®ROLE; became nonreserved in 8.0.1ROLLBACKROLLUPROTATEROUTINEROW ®; became reserved in 8.0.2ROWS ®; became reserved in 8.0.2ROW_COUNTROW_FORMATROW_NUMBER ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)RTREE S SAVEPOINTSCHEDULESCHEMA ®SCHEMAS ®SCHEMA_NAMESECONDSECONDARY; added in 8.0.16 (nonreserved)SECONDARY_ENGINE; added in 8.0.13 (nonreserved)SECONDARY_ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)SECONDARY_LOAD; added in 8.0.13 (nonreserved)SECONDARY_UNLOAD; added in 8.0.13 (nonreserved)SECOND_MICROSECOND ®SECURITYSELECT ®SENSITIVE ®SEPARATOR ®SERIALSERIALIZABLESERVERSESSIONSET ®SHARESHOW ®SHUTDOWNSIGNAL ®SIGNEDSIMPLESKIP; added in 8.0.1 (nonreserved)SLAVESLOWSMALLINT ®SNAPSHOTSOCKETSOMESONAMESOUNDSSOURCESPATIAL ®SPECIFIC ®SQL ®SQLEXCEPTION ®SQLSTATE ®SQLWARNING ®SQL_AFTER_GTIDSSQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPSSQL_BEFORE_GTIDSSQL_BIG_RESULT ®SQL_BUFFER_RESULTSQL_CACHE; removed in 8.0.3SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ®SQL_NO_CACHESQL_SMALL_RESULT ®SQL_THREADSQL_TSI_DAYSQL_TSI_HOURSQL_TSI_MINUTESQL_TSI_MONTHSQL_TSI_QUARTERSQL_TSI_SECONDSQL_TSI_WEEKSQL_TSI_YEARSRID; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)SSL ®STACKEDSTARTSTARTING ®STARTSSTATS_AUTO_RECALCSTATS_PERSISTENTSTATS_SAMPLE_PAGESSTATUSSTOPSTORAGESTORED ®STRAIGHT_JOIN ®STREAM; added in 8.0.20 (nonreserved)STRINGSUBCLASS_ORIGINSUBJECTSUBPARTITIONSUBPARTITIONSSUPERSUSPENDSWAPSSWITCHESSYSTEM ®; added in 8.0.3 (reserved) T TABLE ®TABLESTABLESPACETABLE_CHECKSUMTABLE_NAMETEMPORARYTEMPTABLETERMINATED ®TEXTTHANTHEN ®THREAD_PRIORITY; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)TIES; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)TIMETIMESTAMPTIMESTAMPADDTIMESTAMPDIFFTINYBLOB ®TINYINT ®TINYTEXT ®TLS; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)TO ®TRAILING ®TRANSACTIONTRIGGER ®TRIGGERSTRUE ®TRUNCATETYPETYPES U UNBOUNDED; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)UNCOMMITTEDUNDEFINEDUNDO ®UNDOFILEUNDO_BUFFER_SIZEUNICODEUNINSTALLUNION ®UNIQUE ®UNKNOWNUNLOCK ®UNSIGNED ®UNTILUPDATE ®UPGRADEUSAGE ®USE ®USERUSER_RESOURCESUSE_FRMUSING ®UTC_DATE ®UTC_TIME ®UTC_TIMESTAMP ® V VALIDATIONVALUEVALUES ®VARBINARY ®VARCHAR ®VARCHARACTER ®VARIABLESVARYING ®VCPU; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)VIEWVIRTUAL ®VISIBLE W WAITWARNINGSWEEKWEIGHT_STRINGWHEN ®WHERE ®WHILE ®WINDOW ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)WITH ®WITHOUTWORKWRAPPERWRITE ® X X509XAXIDXMLXOR ® Y YEARYEAR_MONTH ® Z ZEROFILL ®ZONE; added in 8.0.22 (nonreserved) MySQL 8.0新关键字和保留字

下表显示了与MySQL 5.7相比在MySQL 8.0中添加的关键字和保留字。保留的关键字标有（R）。

A ACTIVEADMINARRAYATTRIBUTE B BUCKETS C CLONECOMPONENTCUME_DIST ® D DEFINITIONDENSE_RANK ®DESCRIPTION E EMPTY ®ENFORCEDENGINE_ATTRIBUTEEXCEPT ®EXCLUDE F FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTSFIRST_VALUE ®FOLLOWING G GEOMCOLLECTIONGET_MASTER_PUBLIC_KEYGROUPING ®GROUPS ® H HISTOGRAMHISTORY I INACTIVEINVISIBLE J JSON_TABLE ®JSON_VALUE L LAG ®LAST_VALUE ®LATERAL ®LEAD ®LOCKED M MASTER_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMSMASTER_PUBLIC_KEY_PATHMASTER_TLS_CIPHERSUITESMASTER_ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVELMEMBER N NESTEDNETWORK_NAMESPACENOWAITNTH_VALUE ®NTILE ®NULLS O OF ®OFFOJOLDOPTIONALORDINALITYORGANIZATIONOTHERSOVER ® P PASSWORD_LOCK_TIMEPATHPERCENT_RANK ®PERSISTPERSIST_ONLYPRECEDINGPRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USERPROCESS R RANDOMRANK ®RECURSIVE ®REFERENCEREPLICAREPLICASREQUIRE_ROW_FORMATRESOURCERESPECTRESTARTRETAINRETURNINGREUSEROLEROW_NUMBER ® S SECONDARYSECONDARY_ENGINESECONDARY_ENGINE_ATTRIBUTESECONDARY_LOADSECONDARY_UNLOADSKIPSRIDSTREAMSYSTEM ® T THREAD_PRIORITYTIESTLS U UNBOUNDED V VCPUVISIBLE W WINDOW ® Z ZONE MySQL 8.0删除了关键字和保留字

下表显示了与MySQL 5.7相比在MySQL 8.0中删除的关键字和保留字。保留的关键字标有（R）。

ANALYSEDES_KEY_FILEPARSE_GCOL_EXPRREDOFILESQL_CACHE